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What is Contrast-Induced Nephropathy?

Have you ever heard of the term contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)? This term may be unfamiliar for commoners, but this should not be the case for clinicians or health workers. We, especially clinicians and health workers, should be able to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), and so we need to know what CIN is or need to recall how CIN occurs. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy is acute injury to kidney tissue caused by the entry of contrast agents into the body through the blood vessels. In normal kidney function, this damage is rare. However, in conditions of impaired kidney function (due to previous kidney disease), this contrast agent can exacerbate existing kidney damage. Contrast agents administered by intravascular injection, apart from having a toxic and apoptotic effect, may cause acute hemodynamic changes in the kidney which is characterized by an increase in renal vascular resistance and a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.

A Delayed Transition to Endemic

We should return to health protocols in anticipation for an increase in cases potentially sparked by the new subvariants. In so doing, we are preventing new variant infections from spiking.   About a month ago the government stated that we were entering a transitional period from the pandemic to endemic. It was an encouraging statement, justifiably supported by the fact that one month after the government allowed long homecoming holidays for Idul Fitri celebrations, a worrying caseload escalation did not occur. Amid this optimism, the daily cases started to trickle up. In fact, the average daily addition of cases had been hovering below 500 cases since May, with the data from 16 May even recording only 182 additional daily cases. This made many people optimistic about the prospect of the pandemic turning into an endemic soon.

Never Undermine Hypertension

 Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney failure. In many regions of the world, there are a lot of people who have high blood pressure. Even in the United States, out of every three adults, one is hypertensive. If this number is expressed as a percentage, then the prevalence of hypertension in the United States is around 30%. More than just a large number, the impact of hypertension is frightening, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. According to reports, hypertension alone was responsible for 18% of cardiovascular disease mortality in western nations. The impact to the state financial losses is also enormous. The state is said to lose 47.5 billion dollars annually. Thus, it makes sense to be aware of hypertension from the beginning, and it also makes sense to start an early detection program as soon as hypertension is identified in order to lower the incidence of hypertension and its sequelae.

Beware of Obesity during Transition to Endemic

Nearly two months have been over since Lebaran's long holiday passed without any significant upheaval. This makes many parties optimistic that the Covid-19 pandemic is transitioning to endemic. The wheels of the economy are shifting rapidly again: stations, airports, terminals, ports, hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, cafes, markets and stalls are back to full capacity. After two years of being confined at home due to the pandemic, the long Eid holiday also means it's time to travel with family and enjoy a range of culinary delights, as if exacting revenge. It is safe to say that the prospect of a third Covid explosion has passed. There are, however, other potential dangers. Overindulgence in dining out without restraint can result in overweight or obesity, which can be fatal.

Less Sleep, Less Healthy Kidney

Sleep is often underestimated by most people. Some people prefer to reduce hours of sleep, rather than having to skip a good movie, play social media, and other unfinished work. Although it is often taken for granted, it is undeniable that sleep has a very vital function for all organ systems in the body, including the kidneys. Research shows that sleep disorders influence the development of kidney disease. The suspected cause is an inflammatory process and sympathetic nerve activation that damages the glomerular basement membrane and the renal tubular apparatus. Several sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders, hypersomnia, and insomnia have been associated with metabolic disorders which ultimately lead to kidney involvement, either because of decreased kidney function in dealing with increased metabolic waste or because the shorter duration of rest causes susceptibility to decreased quality of life of renal cells themselves.